GOVERNANCE OF SUPERVISION AND CONTROL IN PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY TATA KELOLA PENGAWASAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PENGEMBANGAN KELAPA SAWIT DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN ENERGI NASIONAL Section Articles

Abstract

The development of palm oil is one of Indonesia’s most strategic sectors, significantly
contributing to economic growth, foreign exchange earnings, food security, and renewable
energy supply. Within the framework of regional autonomy, local governments are granted
broad authority to supervise and regulate palm oil development to ensure compliance with
sustainability principles, good governance, and regulatory requirements. This study
examines the roles of local governments in licensing procedures, compliance monitoring,
spatial control, and law enforcement related to activities that may cause environmental
degradation or social inequality.Th esearch employs a literature-based approach by
analyzing legal frameworks, policy reports, and previous studies. The findings show that
local governments hold a central regulatory role through licensing authority, operational
supervision, company guidance, and community partnership facilitation. However, the
effectiveness of these supervisory functions is limited by several challenges, including
insufficient human resource capacity, weak interagency coordination, lack of transparency
in licensing processes, and regulatory overlaps between national and regional institutions.
These constraints hinder the implementation of sustainable palm oil governance and reduce
the sector’s potential contribution to national food and energy security.T study emphasizes
that strength”ning’institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, simplifying licensing
mechanisms, and implementing integrated monitoring systems are essential to achieving
accountable and sustainable palm oil governance. Enhancing the role of local governments
is critical not only to ensuring environmentally responsible development but also to
supporting Indonesia’s long-term strategic objectives in food and energy security.