UPMI Proceeding Series Journal merupakan Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah yang memuat hasil-hasil temuan penelitian baik pustaka maupun lapangan pada bidang berbagai ilmu (multidisiplin ilmu) yang dihasilkan dari konferensi, lokakarya yang dapat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas. The UPMI Proceeding Series is a scientific journal that publishes research findings from various disciplines (multidisciplinary sciences). The research presented in the journal comes from conferences and workshops and aims to benefit the wider community.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL PLANTATIONS
Palm oil plantations are a strategic sector for the Indonesian economy because they contribute significantly to foreign exchange, employment, and regional development. However, this sector also faces serious challenges related to environmental issues, land legality, data transparency, and consistent regulatory implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of state administration in regulating, supervising, and evaluating the implementation of sustainable palm oil plantation regulations in Indonesia. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach combined with simple quantitative analysis through the calculation of the Regulatory Effectiveness Index (ERI) based on four main indicators: ISPO compliance, land legality, supervision effectiveness, and data transparency. Data were obtained through literature studies, analysis of regulatory documents, government reports, scientific publications, and national statistical data. The results show that although the regulatory framework has been well-developed, its implementation is still suboptimal and is influenced by weak coordination between institutions, asynchronous central and regional data, and low compliance of smallholder plantations. An ER value of 70 percent indicates that the regulation is categorized as quite effective but requires significant strengthening in the aspects of supervision and governance. This research emphasizes the need to improve state administrative capacity to support more transparent, accountable, and sustainable management of oil palm plantations.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER USE IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TOMATO PLANTS (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) ON LATOSOL SOIL
This study aims to explain the effectiveness of organic fertilizers in improving the quality of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on latosol soil through a literature review of several relevant studies. Latosol soil is known for its low nutrient content, requiring appropriate fertilization strategies to optimize plant growth. The findings show that organic fertilizers, in both liquid and solid forms, improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, significantly enhancing plant height, stem diameter, flower number, fruit weight, and overall yield. Previous studies confirmed that specific types and doses of organic fertilizers provide optimal responses for tomato plant quality. This review emphasizes that organic fertilizers serve as a superior alternative to increase tomato productivity on latosol soil. Keywords: organic fertilizer, tomato, latosol soil, plant quality
This paper discusses sustainable agroecosystem management strategies as an important approach to addressing the increasingly complex challenges of modern agriculture. These challenges include soil degradation, water pollution, pest and plant disease resistance, and the continuous conversion of agricultural land due to development pressure and population growth. If not managed properly, these conditions can directly lead to declining agricultural productivity and threaten the sustainability of natural resources. An agroecosystem is defined as an ecological system that has been modified and managed by humans with the primary objective of agricultural production. In practice, agroecosystem management often faces several major problems, such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers that reduces soil fertility, agricultural waste that contributes to water pollution, and repeated pesticide applications that increase pest resistance. In addition, the reduction of productive agricultural land poses a serious threat to food security. To overcome these issues, the implementation of sustainable agroecosystem management strategies is essential. Recommended strategies include the adoption of environmentally friendly farming practices, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), soil and water conservation, and crop diversification to enhance ecosystem stability. The utilization of local microorganisms (LMOs) and eco-enzymes is also considered an innovative alternative to reduce dependence on chemical inputs while improving soil health and plant growth.Beyond technical aspects, farmer empowerment through education, extension services, and continuous assistance is crucial to ensure that sustainable strategies are effectively understood and applied. Overall, sustainable agroecosystem management plays a vital role in maintaining a balance between increasing agricultural productivity and conserving the environment, thereby supporting the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the future.
SUBGRADE REPAIR ON THE ROAD PAVEMENT IN TANJUNG REJO VILLAGE USING PALM KERNEL SHELL ASH AS REVIEWED FROM UNDRAINED CONSOLIDATED TRIAXIAL TESTS
Clay soil is a fine-grained soil with low bearing capacity and is highly sensitive to changes in water content, making it susceptible to volume changes and swelling shrinkage behaviour. This condition is unfavourable when clay is used as the subgrade for building structures or roadways. Therefore, one method to address this problem is to improve the clay subgrade by stabilizing it with palm kernel shell ash. In this study, soil clay from Tanjung Rejo Village was stabilized and tested using both physical and mechanical tests, including Atterberg Limits, specific gravity, moisture content, sieve analysis, compaction, and Consolidated Undrained (CU) triaxial tests. Palm shell ash was added in variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The findings of this study show improvements in the physical properties of clays and an increase in their CU shear strength. The addition of palm kernel shell ash also increased the cohesion (C) and the soil's friction angle (φ). Keywords: Palm Kernel Shell Ash, clay, soil stabilization, triaxial, unconsolidated undrained
LISTENING COMPREHENSION PROBLEMS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
Listening comprehension is a foundational skill in second-language acquisition and plays a critical role in academic success, particularly for students in English Language Education programs. Despite its importance, many learners face persistent challenges in processing spoken English due to linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and contextual barriers. This study employs a descriptive qualitative design to explore multidimensional listening difficulties experienced by 15 university students. Data were obtained through open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. This expanded version of the paper provides deeper theoretical grounding, a more comprehensive literature review, enhanced discussion, a table of results, and a graphical representation. Findings reveal major obstacles including limited vocabulary, accent unfamiliarity, connected speech issues, listening anxiety, insufficient strategy use, fast speech rate, and complex task formats. Recommendations for pedagogical improvement highlight the importance of explicit strategy instruction, scaffolded listening activities, and increased exposure to authentic materials. The study concludes by suggesting directions for further research aligned with contemporary listening pedagogy.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF WORKS GENERATED THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEWED FROM THE COPYRIGHT LAW
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology significantly influences the creation of intellectual works. However, legal issues arise regarding the protection of AI- generated works that lack a human creator as a legal subject. This article aims to analyze the legal protection of AI-generated works in Indonesia, exploring possible solutions and the implications of the 2025 regulatory updates. A literature study and juridical analysis were used as methodologies. The findings indicate that pure AI-generated works are not protected by copyright law because AI is not a legal subject. Protection is only afforded if there is human contribution as a creator using AI as a tool. The ongoing revision of the Copyright Law is expected to clarify the protection status of AI works. The implications of this study are important for providing legal certainty and fostering technological innovation in Indonesia. Keyword : Legal Protection, AI- Generated Work, Copyright.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON HORTICULTURAL CROP GROWTH: A REVIEW OF STUDIES 2018–2024
Irigasi tetes merupakan teknologi irigasi presisi yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air serta mendukung produktivitas tanaman hortikultura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas irigasi tetes melalui review sistematis terhadap sepuluh jurnal nasional terbitan 2018–2024. Data dianalisis secara komparatif berdasarkan parameter efisiensi air, pertumbuhan vegetatif, dan produktivitas hasil panen. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa irigasi tetes mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air sebesar 30–50%, pertumbuhan tanaman 20–30%, serta produktivitas panen 22–35%. Peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kesesuaian debit air, pengaturan frekuensi irigasi, dan karakteristik tanah. Secara keseluruhan, irigasi tetes terbukti efektif dan layak direkomendasikan sebagai strategi irigasi modern dalam budidaya hortikultura, terutama di wilayah yang menghadapi keterbatasan ketersediaan air.. Kata Kunci: Irigasi tetes, Hortikultura, Efisiensi air, pertumbuhan tanaman, produktivitas.
PALM OIL DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY IS KEY TO INCREASING EXPORTS, FOOD SECURITY, AND GREEN ENERGY.
Indonesia's downstream palm oil industry is seen as a key strategic component in strengthening national exports, food security, and the transition to renewable energy. This study examines the mechanisms for processing crude palm oil (CPO) into high-value-added derivative products, such as oleochemicals, oleo-food additives, and biodiesel, which significantly increase economic value, reduce foreign exchange expenditures on fossil fuel imports, and support the B30-B40 biodiesel initiative. The applied analytical method combines government policy data, plantation productivity levels, and international supply chain dynamics to identify effective optimization strategies. The study's findings reveal that the downstreaming process not only generates economic multiplier effects through job creation and billions of US dollars in export foreign exchange earnings, but also contributes to strengthening national food self-sufficiency through processed food products and reducing carbon emissions through the use of bioenergy. To address environmental sustainability challenges, policies such as providing tax incentives, establishing special economic zones, and integrating upstream and downstream sectors are recommended as mitigation measures.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES USING DIGITAL MEDIA TO ENHANCE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDENTS
This research aims to analyze the effectiveness and implementation of innovative strategies using digital media in enhancing the communicative competence of English Language Education (ELE) students. In the context of globalization and the demands of 21st-century skills, communicative competence (encompassing grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competencies) is a key pillar of professional success. However, traditional teaching methods often fail to provide adequate authentic environments to practice all these dimensions of competence. The innovative strategies tested in this study include the use of Virtual Reality (VR) Simulations to train pragmatics and the role of Interactive Podcasting to increase spontaneous speaking fluency. The research employs an Action Research approach involving 80 fourth-semester students in an English Language Education study program. Data was collected through speaking ability tests (pre-test and post-test), classroom observation, and student perception questionnaires. The results indicate a significant increase in students' overall communicative competence scores (p < 0.05) after the digital intervention, especially in the aspects of sociolinguistic and strategic competencies. In conclusion, the structured and targeted integration of digital media is a vital strategy for creating authentic and interactive learning experiences, thereby substantially improving students' communicative readiness for the real world. Keywords: Innovative Strategy, Digital Media, Enhance Communicative, English Competence.
EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL REGULATIONS ON PLASTIC BAG BANS IN REDUCING WASTE GENERATION
Regional regulations banning the use of plastic bags have served as a legal instrument implemented in various regions of Indonesia to address the increasing volume of plastic waste generation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these regional regulations in reducing waste generation. Through a review of regional regulations in several provinces, the study reveals that although these regulations are based on a solid legal foundation within national law, their implementation often faces obstacles such as inadequate publicity, weak law enforcement, and the lack of adequate alternatives to plastic bags. The analysis indicates that regional regulations can be effective if supported by strict monitoring and sanction mechanisms, as well as collaboration between the government, the community, and the private sector. The study's conclusions encourage increased regulatory effectiveness through revision and harmonization with national policies, with the goal of achieving a meaningful reduction in plastic waste generation. Keywords: legal effectiveness, plastic bag bans, Regional regulations, waste generation,
DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE AS A STEP TOWARD AN ADVANCED ECONOMIC VISION
This study analyzes the strategic role of investment infrastructure development as a foundation towards an advanced economic vision. The methodology employed is a comprehensive literature review of empirical and theoretical studies, focusing on the economic impact of infrastructure through systematic searches in academic databases and qualitative synthesis of key findings. Results indicate that infrastructure investment, both physical and digital, has a significant positive impact on Gross Domestic Product growth, productivity enhancement, job creation, and potentially reduces regional inequality if carefully planned. Digital infrastructure, in particular, proves to be a catalyst for innovation and economic transformation. Nevertheless, challenges in financing, regulation, and large- scale project implementation persist. The conclusion affirms that infrastructure is a core pillar of economic progress. The implications of this research highlight the need for robust regulatory frameworks, innovative financing schemes, process simplification, and effective risk mitigation to optimize infrastructure development in achieving sustainable advanced economic goals. Keyword : Infrastructure; Investment; Development; Regional
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL POLICY (ISPO) FROM A PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE
This study examines the implementation of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) policy from the perspective of Public Administration, particularly focusing on the role of the government in the regulation, coordination, and oversight of the palm oil sector. ISPO, as a policy instrument, is designed to enhance the governance of sustainable palm oil plantations, strengthen the competitiveness of the industry, and ensure compliance with environmental, social, and economic principles. The research highlights how the policy implementation process is influenced by bureaucratic capacity, inter-agency coordination, compliance among business actors, and resource support. The analysis reveals that although ISPO has emerged as a national strategic policy, its implementation still encounters challenges such as low farmer understanding, limited oversight, and regulatory overlap. Through the lens of Public Administration, this study underscores the necessity for improving governance quality, strengthening institutional frameworks, and synchronizing policies to ensure that ISPO operates effectively and contributes to the development of sustainable palm oil plantations in Indonesia.
OPTIMIZING PALM OIL DERIVATIVE EXPORTS: A CRUCIAL ROLE IN TRADE BALANCE STABILITY AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS GROWTH
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran optimalisasi ekspor produk turunan kelapa sawit dalam mendukung stabilitas neraca perdagangan dan peningkatan devisa negara. Sebagai komoditas strategis, kelapa sawit memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap ekonomi nasional, namun dominasi ekspor produk mentah menyebabkan nilai tambah belum maksimal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif melalui kajian literatur dan analisis data sekunder dari berbagai publikasi resmi terkait produksi, ekspor, dan kebijakan hilirisasi sawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan produk turunan sawit seperti oleokimia, biodiesel, pangan fungsional, serta bahan industri mampu meningkatkan nilai ekspor secara signifikan dibandingkan CPO. Hilirisasi juga terbukti memperluas diversifikasi pasar, mengurangi ketergantungan pada fluktuasi harga komoditas mentah, serta memperkuat cadangan devisa dan stabilitas kurs. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa optimalisasi ekspor turunan sawit tidak hanya berkontribusi pada peningkatan devisa, tetapi juga memperkuat struktur perdagangan nasional. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, percepatan inovasi teknologi, serta peningkatan kapasitas industri hilir menjadi kunci dalam memaksimalkan potensi sektor sawit sebagai pilar ekonomi berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: kelapa sawit, optimalisasi ekspor, neraca perdagangan, devisa, keberlanjutan ekonomi
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
literature, content analysis Climate change poses a real threat to the global agricultural sector, with significant impacts on food production, food security, and farmers' livelihoods. The agricultural sector also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. Agricultural research plays a crucial role in developing innovative solutions to address these challenges. This article aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize the most effective agricultural research strategies in addressing the impacts of climate change. The research methods used include a systematic review of scientific of research reports and policies, and case studies of successful agricultural initiatives. The results indicate the need for a comprehensive and integrated agricultural research strategy. This strategy includes the development of crop varieties resistant to drought, floods, and pests; efficient water management through drip irrigation and water conservation techniques; sustainable agricultural practices such as agroforestry, soil conservation, and the use of organic fertilizers; and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to support early warning systems, data-driven decision-making, and information dissemination to farmers. Furthermore, research should focus on developing policies and institutions that support climate change adaptation and mitigation in the agricultural sector. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of this strategy in different local and regional contexts, as well as to identify barriers and opportunities in its implementation. Keywords: adaptation, food security, mitigation, sustainable agriculture, climate change.
CONTRIBUTION OF BUSINESS INCUBATORS TOWARDS IMPROVING TECHNOPRENEUR COMPETENCIES UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This study highlights the crucial role of business incubators in enhancing technopreneur competency among university students. Facing increasingly fierce competition in today's digital era, business incubators serve as strategic platforms supporting students with a strong interest and motivation to develop technology-based businesses. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting comprehensive data through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation related to incubation activities. The informants who served as data sources included students participating in the incubation program, business incubator managers, and business mentors who actively provided support. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, beginning with data reduction, systematic data presentation, and drawing detailed conclusions. The study's findings indicate that business incubators significantly contribute to enhancing students' technopreneurial competency. The competencies developed include knowledge, technical skills, and technology-based entrepreneurial attitudes. Students gained a deep understanding of various aspects such as developing innovative business models, effective product validation, targeted digital marketing strategies, and sound business financial management. In terms of practical skills, incubation participants become more proficient in designing product prototypes, conducting comprehensive market research, developing digital products that suit market needs, and the ability to pitch or present convincingly to potential investors. In addition to technical aspects, incubation also plays a role in forming a strong technopreneur mentality, including the courage to take risks, creativity in producing innovation, and the spirit and fighting spirit in facing obstacles. Not only that, business incubators also provide access to extensive networks with various industry players, professional mentors with qualified experience, and technological facilities that support the process of optimal student business development [1]. Keywords: Business; Incubator; Technopreneur; Competency;
GOVERNANCE OF SUPERVISION AND CONTROL IN PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA AS AN INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY
The development of palm oil is one of Indonesia’s most strategic sectors, significantly contributing to economic growth, foreign exchange earnings, food security, and renewable energy supply. Within the framework of regional autonomy, local governments are granted broad authority to supervise and regulate palm oil development to ensure compliance with sustainability principles, good governance, and regulatory requirements. This study examines the roles of local governments in licensing procedures, compliance monitoring, spatial control, and law enforcement related to activities that may cause environmental degradation or social inequality.Th esearch employs a literature-based approach by analyzing legal frameworks, policy reports, and previous studies. The findings show that local governments hold a central regulatory role through licensing authority, operational supervision, company guidance, and community partnership facilitation. However, the effectiveness of these supervisory functions is limited by several challenges, including insufficient human resource capacity, weak interagency coordination, lack of transparency in licensing processes, and regulatory overlaps between national and regional institutions. These constraints hinder the implementation of sustainable palm oil governance and reduce the sector’s potential contribution to national food and energy security.T study emphasizes that strength”ning’institutional capacity, harmonizing regulations, simplifying licensing mechanisms, and implementing integrated monitoring systems are essential to achieving accountable and sustainable palm oil governance. Enhancing the role of local governments is critical not only to ensuring environmentally responsible development but also to supporting Indonesia’s long-term strategic objectives in food and energy security.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MATLAB-BASED DIGITAL IMAGE ROTATION ALGORITHMS TO IMPROVE VISUAL QUALITY AND IMAGE TRANSFORMATION PRECISION
Image rotation is a fundamental process in digital image processing used to change the orientation of an image based on a specified angle around its center point. This transformation is widely applied in various fields such as computer vision, medical imaging, object detection, biometric security systems, and augmented reality technologies. This research aims to implement and analyze the performance of image rotation algorithms using MATLAB by comparing three interpolation methods: nearest neighbor, bilinear, and bicubic. The experiments were conducted at rotation angles of 30° and 45°, evaluated using computational time, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results indicate that the nearest neighbor method offers the fastest computation time but yields lower image quality, reflected by lower PSNR values and higher MSE. Meanwhile, the bilinear and bicubic methods produce significantly better visual quality with higher PSNR, particularly bicubic, although they require longer computation time. The MATLAB implementation using the imrotate function demonstrates that the quality of image rotation strongly depends on the interpolation method used. These findings provide valuable insight for researchers and practitioners in choosing the appropriate rotation method based on their needs— whether prioritizing speed or quality. The provided MATLAB script serves as a reference for further research and educational use in digital image processing. Keywords: image rotation, MATLAB, PSNR, MSE, digital image processing
THE POTENTIAL OF MYCORRHIZAE AS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS FOR IMPROVING PADDY SOIL FERTILITY AND FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY
The fertility of paddy soils continues to decline due to agricultural intensification, excessive chemical fertilizer use, and unsustainable tillage practices. Flooded soil conditions also decrease fertilizer efficiency, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, through volatilization, denitrification, and phosphorus fixation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) offer a biological solution by enhancing nutrient uptake, soil structure, plant resilience, and fertilizer efficiency through mechanisms such as arbuscule formation, hyphal expansion, ion transporter activation, glomalin production, and synergy with plant growth-promoting bacteria. This article reviews the role of AMF as a biological agent to improve paddy soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency based on literature analysis. The results indicate that AMF effectively improve soil quality, enhance P and N uptake, strengthen plant stress resistance, and contribute to heavy-metal remediation. Therefore, AMF hold strong potential as a key component in sustainable rice-field agriculture. Keywords: mycorrhiza, paddy soil, fertilizer efficiency, glomalin, arbuscular fungi
CHALLENGES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
The rapid advancement of big data and information technology has significantly reshaped the landscape of contemporary public governance. Big data has the potential to enhance key principles of good governance by promoting greater transparency, accountability, effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness in public service delivery. Nevertheless, the implementation of big data in Indonesia continues to face substantial structural, technical, and institutional challenges. Based on an extensive review of national and international literature, this study identifies several major obstacles, including limited digital competence among civil servants, fragmented information systems across government agencies, weak data security and persistent cybersecurity threats, digital inequality, and the absence of standardized national data governance regulations. These challenges directly hinder the realization of evidence-based policymaking and reduce the overall effectiveness of big data utilization within the public sector. The study highlights the urgent need for improved digital literacy, regulatory harmonization, institutional reform, and equitable development of digital infrastructure 1 to ensure that big data can function optimally as a transformative instrument for achieving transparent, accountable, and inclusive governance. Keywords: big data, good governance, public administration, digital transformation, data governance, information security.
INVESTIGATING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
This study aims to investigate the key difficulties faced by university students in delivering public speaking performances within an English Language Education study program. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, involving classroom observations and semi-structured interviews. The findings shows that the students struggle primarily with limited vocabulary, inaccurate pronunciation, and insufficient speech organization. Psychological factors such as anxiety, low confidence, and fear of negative evaluation also significantly affect performance. In addition, many students demonstrate limited mastery of delivery aspects, including eye contact, vocal clarity, and audience engagement. The study concludes that students need more supportive learning environments and consistent speaking practice. The results imply that lecturers should design activities that reduce anxiety, strengthen language mastery, and encourage active participation. This can help improve students’ overall public speaking competence.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CHILD VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE VIEWED FROM THE CHILD PROTECTION LAW IN INDONESIA
This study aims to examine the legal protection provided for children who are victims of sexual violence in Indonesia, particularly based on Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of this law in protecting the rights of child victims and to identify weaknesses in its implementation. This study applies a normative legal method with a normative juridical approach. Data collection was carried out through a literature review of relevant laws and regulations, court decisions, and academic literature. The analysis was conducted using descriptive-qualitative methods to interpret legal norms and concrete cases. Based on the analysis, the Child Protection Law provides comprehensive protection, including the right to justice, psychological rehabilitation, and efforts to prevent violence. However, the findings reveal various obstacles in its implementation, such as inadequate socialization, limited access to justice for children in remote areas, and lenient sanctions against perpetrators, which often prevent victims from receiving optimal protection. This law has provided a solid legal basis for protecting child victims of sexual violence, but its effectiveness is still limited by external factors such as culture and resource availability. This study recommends strengthening the dissemination of the law and education for law enforcement officials. Keyword : Legal Protection, Sexual Violence, Child Protection Law
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT TO INCREASE NATIONAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND ACHIEVE FOOD AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SECURITY
This article aims to explain the role of public administration in the development of the palm oil sector as a strategic driver for increasing national foreign exchange, strengthening food security, and supporting renewable energy provision. The study uses a literature-based approach and problem-solving analysis by reviewing policies, productivity trends, downstream industry development, and governance dynamics of the palm oil sector. The results indicate that public administration plays a crucial role as a policy director, inter- agency coordinator, facilitator of smallholder capacity building, and accelerator of downstream industrialization. The increase in smallholder productivity and the expansion of value-added industries demonstrate how effective governance strengthens the sector’s contribution to national revenue and sustainable development. The study concludes that collaborative governance, regulatory alignment, and institutional capacity building are essential for the long-term success of the national palm oil sector. The implications highlight the need to strengthen research, downstream innovation, farmer empowerment, and adaptive policy reforms to address global challenges and support national food and renewable energy self-sufficiency. Keywords: foreign exchange; palm oil; public administration; renewable energy; food security
STRENGTHENING THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF PALM OIL INDUSTRY WORKERS THROUGH RECREATION-BASED GROUP COUNSELING
Palm oil industry workers face high physical workloads and psychological pressure due to monotonous environments and strict production targets. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling based on recreational activities in improving workers’ physical and mental health. A quasi experimental method was applied using a pre-test and post-test design involving 60 workers from a palm oil company in North Sumatra. The intervention included light exercise, team games, relaxation, and group counseling sessions. Instruments used were physical fitness tests and the DASS-21 scale to measure stress, anxiety, and depression. The results showed significant improvements in physical fitness indicators and reductions in stress scores by 25%, anxiety by 18%, and depression by 12%. The conclusion of this study is that group counseling based on recreational activities is effective in strengthening the physical and mental health of industrial workers. The implication of these findings is that palm oil companies should integrate recreational approaches into their occupational health programs to sustainably enhance worker well-being and productivity. Keywords: Group counseling; mental health; palm oil workers; physical health; recreational activities
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CHILD VICTIMS OF BULLYING IN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT BASED ON THE CHILD PROTECTION LAW
This study aims to evaluate the legal protection mechanisms for children who are victims of bullying in schools, with reference to the provisions contained in the Child Protection Law. The approach applied in this study is a legal-normative method, which involves a review of legal regulations, relevant literature, and additional information from previous reports or studies. The findings reveal that schools are legally obliged to provide physical, psychological, and social protection for students, although its implementation in practice has not been fully effective due to limitations in monitoring mechanisms, a lack of understanding among schools, and minimal enforcement of sanctions. This study concludes that legal provisions to protect victims of bullying are actually clearly regulated in the Child Protection Law, but their success greatly depends on implementation at the school level. The implications of this study emphasize the need to strengthen internal school rules, improve the competence of educators, and establish a more responsive reporting system to prevent bullying and ensure that victims receive adequate protection. Keywords: child protection; bullying; legal protection; school
Listening comprehension is a foundational skill in second-language acquisition and plays a critical role in academic success, particularly for students in English Language Education programs. Despite its importance, many learners face persistent challenges in processing spoken English due to linguistic, cognitive, psychological, and contextual barriers. This study employs a descriptive qualitative design to explore multidimensional listening difficulties experienced by 15 university students. Data were obtained through open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. This expanded version of the paper provides deeper theoretical grounding, a more comprehensive literature review, enhanced discussion, a table of results, and a graphical representation. Findings reveal major obstacles including limited vocabulary, accent unfamiliarity, connected speech issues, listening anxiety, insufficient strategy use, fast speech rate, and complex task formats. Recommendations for pedagogical improvement highlight the importance of explicit strategy instruction, scaffolded listening activities, and increased exposure to authentic materials. The study concludes by suggesting directions for further research aligned with contemporary listening pedagogy. Keywords : listening comprehension, listening problems, English Language Education, University Students
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL INDUSTRY
This study examines the role of state administration in promoting a sustainable palm oil industry in Indonesia. As a strategic economic sector, the palm oil industry contributes significantly to national development but also generates environmental and social challenges. The government plays a key role through policy formulation, regulation, supervision, and incentive mechanisms to ensure sustainability-oriented practices. This research employs qualitative and quantitative approaches through literature review, policy analysis, and case studies, focusing on key initiatives such as the deforestation moratorium, the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification, and incentive programs managed by BPDPKS. The findings indicate that government interventions have contributed to reduced deforestation, improved productivity, and increased certification coverage. However, challenges remain, including weak law enforcement, limited access to certification for smallholders, and global market pressures. Keywords: state administration; sustainable palm oil; government policy; ISPO certification; deforestation moratorium.
UTILIZATION OF AI-BASED DRONES FOR PLANT DISEASE IDENTIFICATION AND IMPROVING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF PALM OIL FARMERS
This study aims to analyze the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based drones for rapid, accurate, and efficient identification of oil palm diseases and to evaluate their impact on improving smallholder productivity. The research employed multispectral drone imaging, image feature extraction using deep learning algorithms, and field validation to verify the detection results. The collected data were assessed to measure the accuracy of disease identification and the overall effectiveness of the monitoring process. The findings indicate that the AI-based detection system can identify disease symptoms with an accuracy of 89– 94% and reduce inspection time by up to 60% compared to conventional manual methods. This technology also improves decision-making accuracy in disease management, which contributes to cost efficiency and higher crop yield. The study concludes that integrating drones and AI represents a significant innovation in modern oil palm plantation management. The implications of these findings highlight the need for broader adoption of digital technologies in agriculture to support production sustainability and enhance farmers’competitiveness. Keywords: Deep Learning, Plant Disease Detection, Drone, Production Efficiency, Artificial Intelligence
THE APPLICATION OF DIVERSION IN CASES INVOLVING CHILD OFFENDERS OF CYBERBULLYING
This study examines the application of diversion in the handling of cyberbullying cases in which the perpetrator is a child. As internet access increases, cyberbullying is becoming a new challenge for the criminal justice system. This study uses normative legal methods with a legislative approach (SPPA law and ITE Law), conceptual, and case studies. The results of the analysis showed that cyberbullying has unique characteristics such as anonymity, rapid spread, and heavy psychological impact on victims due to permanent digital content. Based on the SPPA law, the application of diversion for cyberbullying perpetrators is a legal obligation, because criminal threats in the ITE Law (Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (2)) generally qualify for diversion. This approach aligns with the principle of best interests for the child, given that child abusers are often cognitively immature and unaware of the legal impact of their actions. However, the implementation of diversions faces significant obstacles. The main obstacle is the refusal of victims who have experienced severe psychological trauma due to content that is difficult to remove. Other challenges include the lack of digital literacy of law enforcement officers regarding digital evidence, community pressure, and the lack of expert mediators. The failure of diversion, often due to the victim's refusal, forces the case back to formal justice, which is contrary to the purpose of the SPPA law. Key Word : Diversions, Child, Cyberbully
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SUPPORTING PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT AS A DRIVER OF FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
This study aims to explore how the role of state administration in the form of public policy, regulations, and institutional governance can support the development of palm oil as a strategic commodity for food security and sustainable energy in Indonesia. A literature review method was used by examining national policy documents, regulations, and recent research. The results indicate that state administration efforts through the formulation of downstream policies, mandatory biodiesel, sustainability regulations (e.g., the Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification scheme), and fiscal and funding management through the Indonesian Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS) have created a framework that enables palm oil to support food and energy security. However, challenges remain such as policy fragmentation, land legality, environmental risks, and implementation gaps at the smallholder farmer level. The conclusions indicate that state administration plays a crucial role in bridging economic, food, energy, and sustainability goals with recommendations for strengthening policy coordination, regulatory enforcement, and investment in downstreaming and technology. The implications of this study are important for policymakers, palm oil stakeholders, and academics studying natural resource and energy governance.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SUSTAINABLE GOVERNANCE OF THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
The palm oil industry is a vital economic sector for Indonesia, but its growth poses serious environmental (deforestation) and social (land conflict) challenges, which have the potential to hinder the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research aims to analyze the role of State Administration in formulating, implementing, and supervising the sustainable governance of the palm oil industry. The research uses a qualitative approach with an instrumental case study design. Primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews with government officials, representatives of farmer associations, and NGO activists, supported by secondary data in the form of policy and regulatory documents. Data analysis was conducted interactively (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014). The results of the study show that the State Administration has established a strong regulatory framework, including through the mandatory certification of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and the moratorium instruction on new permits. However, the effectiveness of the implementation of these roles is still partial. The main challenges are found in the fragmentation of authority and weak coordination between institutions (central and regional), which is reflected in the slow integration of data in the One Map Policy and inconsistencies in law enforcement. In addition, the State Administration's supervision process is dominated by a reactive nature and still experiences a deficit of transparency, especially in public access to licensing data and audit results. Keywords: Administration, Sustainable Governance, Oil Palm and ISPO and Public Policy.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATED FERTILIZATION ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.) ON ULTISOL LAND
Improving the fertility of Ultisol soil is a major challenge in increasing oil palm productivity. This study aims to analyze the effect of integrated fertilization—a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers—on the vegetative growth and productivity of oil palm plants aged immature–mature. The research method used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments: no fertilizer (control), recommended inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer (empty fruit bunch compost), and integrated fertilization (inorganic + organic). The results showed that integrated fertilization significantly increased plant height, number of fronds, trunk diameter, and fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production compared to other treatments. Soil nutrient content (N, P, K) and organic C also increased with integrated treatment. In conclusion, integrated fertilization is an effective strategy to increase oil palm productivity on Ultisol soil. Keywords : oil palm, integrated fertilization, productivity, Ultisol, plant growth.
THE EFFECT OF USING ANIMATED VIDEO MEDIA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVE MORAL VALUES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AT NURUL HADINA KINDERGARTEN
Instilling the value of mutual cooperation in early childhood faces challenges in the digital era, where children tend to be more individualistic and spend time on their devices. Based on initial observations at Nurul Hadina Kindergarten, only 30% of children were willing to help friends without being asked, 40% were willing to share toys, and 25% showed initiative in working together in group activities. The learning methods used were still predominantly lectures and verbal advice that were less engaging for early childhood, and learning media were still limited to static images. This study aimed to determine the effect of using animated video media on the development of the moral value of mutual cooperation in early childhood at Nurul Hadina Kindergarten. The study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The study sample consisted of 20 children in Group B selected using a saturated sampling technique. Treatment was given for 2 weeks with 6 meetings using animated videos with a mutual cooperation theme, each lasting 5-7 minutes. Data collection used a structured observation sheet containing 15 statement items covering five indicators: willing to help friends, willing to share, willing to cooperate, showing concern, and prioritizing common interests. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and N-Gain Score calculation. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the use of animated video media on the development of children's mutual cooperation moral values with a Z value = -3.924 and Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. The average value increased from 32.45 (54.08%) in the pretest to 48.70 (81.17%) in the posttest with an increase of 16.25 points or 27.09%. All children (100%) experienced an increase in scores and 80% of children experienced an increase in the development category. The N-Gain value of 0.59 indicates effectiveness in the moderate category. The highest increase occurred in the willingness to cooperate (30.83%), followed by willingness to help friends (29.58%), showing concern (26.25%), prioritizing common interests (25.00%), and the lowest was willingness to share with friends (23.75%). The use of animated video media has a significant and effective influence on enhancing the development of the moral value of mutual cooperation in early childhood at Nurul Hadina Kindergarten. Animated video media is able to present audiovisual material that is appropriate to the learning characteristics of early childhood, stimulates cognitive and affective aspects simultaneously, and provides a model of mutual cooperation behavior that children can imitate in their daily lives. Keywords: Animated Video Media; Moral Values; Mutual Cooperation; Early Childhood; Character Education