ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDE USE ON SOIL FERTILITY AND BIODIVERSITY ANALISIS DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA TERHADAP KESUBURAN TANAH DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI Section Articles

Abstract

The use of pesticides in modern agricultural systems contributes to increased crop productivity but also poses ecological risks to soil health and biodiversity. This study employs a literature-based approach to examine soil microbiology, soil chemical–physical characteristics, the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, and applicable mitigation strategies. Findings indicate that pesticide residues can lower soil pH, inhibit enzymatic activity, and disrupt microbial communities including decomposer bacteria, fungi, and other soil microfauna. Biological impacts are also observed in non-target organisms such as pollinators, natural enemies of pests, earthworms, and aquatic organisms exposed to pesticide runoff. Long-term pesticide application reduces biodiversity and destabilizes ecosystems, leading to secondary pest outbreaks and disruptions in food webs. These results underscore the importance of implementing mitigation strategies such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the use of botanical pesticides, proper dosage and frequency adjustments, and the application of biological control agents. Such approaches effectively reduce chemical residue accumulation in soil while preserving soil fertility and ecosystem sustainability. Overall, this study highlights the need for more responsible pest management practices to support long-term environmental health and agricultural productivity.