SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL FROM A TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF PRACTICES, IMPACT, AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT BERKELANJUTAN DARI PERSPEKTIF TEKNIS DAN LINGKUNGAN: TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIS TENTANG PRAKTIK, DAMPAK, DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN Section Articles

Abstract

Despite being a vital economic commodity, palm oil faces intense scrutiny regarding environmental and social issues like deforestation. This study utilizes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 201 Scopus-indexed articles to examine the evolution of sustainable palm oil as a multidimensional concept. The research explores how integrating sustainable practices can minimize environmental damage while supporting food and energy security. Findings show a surge in publications since 2018, defining sustainability through landscape management, emission reductions, waste-to-energy initiatives, and smallholder empowerment. The results emphasize that transitioning to an equitable, low-carbon system requires a holistic approach merging technical innovation, robust governance, and public policy. Ultimately, the study underscores the necessity of strengthening business capacity and regulatory frameworks to ensure the industry's long-term sustainability.