THE POTENTIAL OF MYCORRHIZAE AS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS FOR IMPROVING PADDY SOIL FERTILITY AND FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY POTENSI MIKORIZA SEBAGAI AGEN BIOLOGIS UNTUK PERBAIKAN KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DAN EFISIENSI PEMUPUKAN Section Articles
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Abstract
The fertility of paddy soils continues to decline due to agricultural intensification, excessive chemical fertilizer use, and unsustainable tillage practices. Flooded soil conditions also decrease fertilizer efficiency, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, through volatilization, denitrification, and phosphorus fixation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) offer a biological solution by enhancing nutrient uptake, soil structure, plant resilience, and fertilizer efficiency through mechanisms such as arbuscule formation, hyphal expansion, ion transporter activation, glomalin production, and synergy with plant growth-promoting bacteria. This article reviews the role of AMF as a biological agent to improve paddy soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency based on literature analysis. The results indicate that AMF effectively improve soil quality, enhance P and N uptake, strengthen plant stress resistance, and contribute to heavy-metal remediation. Therefore, AMF hold strong potential as a key component in sustainable rice-field agriculture.
Keywords: mycorrhiza, paddy soil, fertilizer efficiency, glomalin, arbuscular fungi